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2021
1.
Jacques Roy; François Rineau; Hans J De Boeck; Ivan Nijs; Thomas Pütz; Samuel Abiven; John A Arnone III; Craig V M Barton; Natalie Beenaerts; Nicolas Brüggemann; Matteo Dainese; Timo Domisch; Nico Eisenhauer; Sarah Garré; Alban Gebler; Andrea Ghirardo; Richard L Jasoni; George Kowalchuk; Damien Landais; Stuart H Larsen; Vincent Leemans; Jean-François Le Galliard; Bernard Longdoz; Florent Massol; Teis N Mikkelsen; Georg Niedrist; Clément Piel; Olivier Ravel; Joana Sauze; Anja Schmidt; Jörg-Peter Schnitzler; Leonardo H Teixeira; Mark G Tjoelker; Wolfgang W Weisser; Barbro Winkler; Alexandru Milcu
Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science Journal Article
In: Global Change Biology, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1387-1407, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: biodiversity, controlled environment facilities, ecosystem functioning, experimentation, global change
@article{https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15471,
title = {Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science},
author = {Jacques Roy and François Rineau and Hans J De Boeck and Ivan Nijs and Thomas Pütz and Samuel Abiven and John A Arnone III and Craig V M Barton and Natalie Beenaerts and Nicolas Brüggemann and Matteo Dainese and Timo Domisch and Nico Eisenhauer and Sarah Garré and Alban Gebler and Andrea Ghirardo and Richard L Jasoni and George Kowalchuk and Damien Landais and Stuart H Larsen and Vincent Leemans and Jean-François Le Galliard and Bernard Longdoz and Florent Massol and Teis N Mikkelsen and Georg Niedrist and Clément Piel and Olivier Ravel and Joana Sauze and Anja Schmidt and Jörg-Peter Schnitzler and Leonardo H Teixeira and Mark G Tjoelker and Wolfgang W Weisser and Barbro Winkler and Alexandru Milcu},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.15471},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15471},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {1387-1407},
abstract = {Abstract Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units while measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad-spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimizes border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments ran so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes.},
keywords = {biodiversity, controlled environment facilities, ecosystem functioning, experimentation, global change},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Abstract Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units while measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad-spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimizes border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments ran so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes.